The peculiarity of the ethnic composition of the population of Odesa region is its multinationality. Domestic migration of the Odesan middle and upper classes to Moscow and Leningrad, cities that offered even greater opportunities for career advancement, also occurred on a large scale. Flora is of the deciduous variety and Odesa is known for its tree-lined avenues which, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, made the city a favourite year-round retreat for the Russian aristocracy. Figure skaters Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov won the 1994 and 1998 Olympic gold medals as well as the 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 World Championships in ice dance. This resulted in the development of spa culture and the establishment of a number of luxury hotels in the city. Chess player Efim Geller was born in the city. Being located in the south of Ukraine, the topography of the area surrounding the city is typically flat and there are no large mountains or hills for many kilometres around. The Baryatinsky Bulvar is popular for its route, which starts at the park's gate before winding its way along the edge of the coastal plateau. Another version posits that the settlement appeared after Odesa itself was founded, as a settlement of Moldavians, Greeks, and Albanians fleeing the Ottoman yoke. Yedisan Crimean Tatars traded there in the 14th century. [60], Odesa was struck by three bomb blasts in December 2014, one of which killed one person (the injuries sustained by the victim indicated that he had dealt with explosives). Tavria-V is the most popular retail chain in Odesa. UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, city became the home of a large Jewish community, uniquely accented dialect of Russian spoken in the city, Odesa 'I.I. The city suffered severe damage and sustained many casualties over the course of the war. They destroyed both the city's military infrastructure and residential buildings, killing eight people (including a three-month-old baby) and wounding another eighteen people. This 29 acre development designed by world famous Foster+Partners, London also includes a unique high street shopping centre, Grade-A office Tower and five towers with 275 Grand Hyatt Residences. [51] Partisan fighting continued, however, in the city's catacombs. [44], In the period from 1795 to 1814, the population of Odesa increased 15 times over and reached almost 20 thousand people. Summers see an increased level of precipitation, and the city often experiences warm weather with temperatures often reaching into the high 20s and low 30s C. Snow cover is often light or moderate, due to its location on the northern coast of the Black Sea, and municipal services rarely experience the problems that can often be found in other, more northern, Ukrainian cities. As a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the city preserved and somewhat reinforced its unique cosmopolitan mix of Russian/Ukrainian/Jewish culture and a predominantly Russophone environment with the uniquely accented dialect of Russian spoken in the city. The city's industries include shipbuilding, oil refining, chemicals, metalworking, and food processing. Khadjibey came under direct control of the Ottoman Empire after 1529. Archeological evidence of the period of the 9th14th centuries survives in materials from the settlements and cities of Kievan Rus': Belgorod, Caffa- Theodosia, and Berezan Island. [64] On April 23, 2022, Russian troops bombarded Odesa with cruise missiles. Odesa is a warm-water port. The Russian Empire took full control of Crimea, as well as land between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, including the Khadzhibey Estuary where the Turkish fortress of Khadjibey was located. As one of the biggest on the Black Sea, Odesa's port is busy all year round. [13], In 1795 the city was named Odessa in accordance with the Greek Plan of Catherine the Great. The most popular Russian show business people from Odesa are Yakov Smirnoff (comedian), Mikhail Zhvanetsky (legendary humorist writer, who began his career as a port engineer) and Roman Kartsev (comedian). Note: Asterisks (*) Though the administrative center of the rayon is housed in the city/town that it is named after, cities do not answer to the rayon authorities only towns do; instead they are directly subordinated to the oblast government and therefore are not counted as part of rayon statistics. [48], Following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 during Ukrainian-Soviet War, Odesa saw two Bolshevik armed insurgencies, the second of which succeeded in establishing their control over the city; for the following months, the city became a center of the Odesa Soviet Republic. Imexbank, one of Ukraine's largest commercial banks, was based in the city, however on May 27, 2015, the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Ukraine made a decision to liquidate the bank. His contributions to the city are mentioned by Mark Twain in his travelogue Innocents Abroad: "I mention this statue and this stairway because they have their story. Odesa has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa, using the 0C [32F] isotherm), bordering a cold semi-arid (BSk) as well as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). [4] Eventually, he managed to assemble his own Farman-type airplane. The City Garden, or Gorodskoy Sad, is perhaps the most famous of Odesa's gardens. This created a gigantic, complicated labyrinth of tunnels beneath Odesa, known as the Odesa catacombs. As of January 2021, Odesa's population was approximately 1,010,537. The city's first railway station was opened in the 1880s. [76] Up until the early 1940s the city had a large Jewish population. Images gallery. Vladimir de Pachmann (18481933) a pianist of Russian-German ethnicity noted for performing the works of Chopin, was from Odesa. During the Russian-Turkish War of 17871792,[33] on 25 September 1789, a detachment of Russian forces, including Zaporozhian Cossacks under Alexander Suvorov and Ivan Gudovich, took Khadjibey and Yeni Dnya for the Russian Empire. [128] The funicular has now become as much a part of historic Odesa as the staircase to which it runs parallel. During World War II Axis forces conquered the area and Romania occupied the oblast and administered it as part of the Transnistria Governorate (19411944). In 2000, the Quarantine Pier at Odesa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and free economic zone for a period of 25 years. [40], In their settlement, also known as Novaya Slobodka, the Moldavians owned relatively small plots on which they built village-style houses and cultivated vineyards and gardens. Jacob Adler, the major star of the Yiddish theatre in New York and father of the actor, director and teacher Stella Adler, was born and spent his youth in Odesa. The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300km (190mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200km (750mi). During the tsarist era, Odesa's climate was considered to be beneficial for the body, and thus many wealthy but sickly persons were sent to the city in order to relax and recuperate. The tradition has been celebrated since the early 1970s, when the humor of Ukraine's citizens were drawn to television and the media, further developing into a mass festival. The city is also home to a university botanical garden, which recently celebrated its 200th anniversary, and a number of other smaller gardens. One of the most famous Odesits is Sergei Utochkin who was a universal sportsman excelling in cycling, boxing, swimming and played football for the Odesa British Athletic Club. [4] The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. [4][5] The declaration was made in response to the bombing of Odesa during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has damaged or destroyed buildings across the city. Lyudmila Pavlichenko, the famous female sniper, took part in the battle for Odesa. one of the founding fathers of Odesa, together with another Frenchman, Count Andrault de Langeron, who succeeded him in office. [69][70], Odesa is situated (4628N 3044E / 46.467N 30.733E / 46.467; 30.733) on terraced hills overlooking a small harbor on the Black Sea in the Gulf of Odesa, approximately 31km (19mi) north of the estuary of the Dniester river and some 443km (275mi) south of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. ", " 1926 ", " 1939 . [4] With over 80,000ha (200,000 acres)[4] of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine. [119] The market has roughly 6,000 traders and an estimated 150,000 customers per day. The total shoreline length of Odesa's seaport is around 7.23 kilometres (4.49mi). Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate, "Zelensky fired Marchenko, Haidai and Hamalia from the positions of ODA leaders", "Republic of Moldavia an Intermezzo on the Signing and the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages", " , ", Results of the 2001 All-Ukrainian population census for the Odesa Region, "Religious preferences of the population of Ukraine", " , 1 2015 - 2015 ", " . By 1920 the Soviet authorities had secured the territory of Odesa Oblast, which became part of the Ukrainian SSR. [76], A 2015 study by the International Republican Institute found that 68% of Odesa was ethnic Ukrainian, and 25% ethnic Russian. The newly acquired Ochakov Oblast was promised to the Cossacks by the Russian government for resettlement. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 est.).[3]. This page was last edited on 17 March 2023, at 19:43. The maximum is 65 metres (213 feet) and minimum (on the coast) amounts to 4.2 metres (13.8 feet) above sea level. On 18 July 2020, the number of districts (raions) was reduced to seven, now also incorporating the formerly independent cities. [3] On January 25, 2023, its historic city centre was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in recognition of its influence on cinema, literature, and the arts. The council has seventeen standing commissions[94] which play an important role in controlling the finances and trading practices of the city and its merchants. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including Art Nouveau, Renaissance and Classicist.[9]. The southwest has many orchards and vineyards, while arable crops grow throughout the region. Stable commercial activity in this region in practice in the past required both security through the overland routes, and knowledge of where products could go overseas. Key areas of business include: retail, wholesale, catering, production, construction and development, private label. 807-", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odesa_Oblast&oldid=1145200468, Note: An asterisk (^) indicates the two municipalities and nine raions which previously constituted. He composed over 135 works and was the founder of the Jewish National Conservatory in Jerusalem before immigrating to the U.S. where he became "an influential voice in the promotion of American Jewish music". The Odesan Jew in the jokes always "came out clean" and was, in the end, a lovable character unlike some of other jocular nation stereotypes such as The Chukcha, The Ukrainian, The Estonian or The American.[105]. . The first chronicle mention of the Slavic settlement-port of Kotsiubijiv, which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, dates back to 1415, when a ship was sent from here to Constantinople by sea. During the 1991 referendum, 85.38% of votes in Odesa Oblast favored the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. From 1819 to 1858, Odesa was a free port. Certificate "For taking part in the heroic defense of Odessa" Logvinov Petr Leontievich was awarded the Medal for the Defense of Odesa. [4] Utochkin had challenged a steam-powered tram while running, on a bicycle he beat a galloping horse, while on roller skates he was passing a bicyclist. The city became the home of a large Jewish community during the 19th century, and by 1897 Jews were estimated to comprise some 37% of the population. After planning by the official architects who designed buildings in Odesa's central district, such as the Italians Francesco Carlo Boffo and Giovanni Torricelli, Moldovanka was included in the general city plan, though the original grid-like plan of Moldovankan streets, lanes, and squares remained unchanged.[39]. The city fell to the Axis on 16 October 1941,[49] and it was henceforth subject to Romanian administration. Odesa's cosmopolitan nature was documented by the great Russian poet Alexander Pushkin, who lived in internal exile in Odesa between 1823 and 1824. These cavities can cause buildings to collapse, resulting in a loss of money and business. Catherine's Secretary of State Adrian Gribovsky claimed in his memoirs that the name was his suggestion. Igor Glazer Production Manager Baruch Agadati (18951976), the Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director grew up in Odesa, as did Israeli artist and author Nachum Gutman (18981980). ), Dnistryansky, .S. In: Schiff & Hafen, 7/2018, p 9; "Hamburger Hafenkonzern investiert gro in Triest" In: Die Presse, 29 September 2020. Odesa is also a Ukrainian naval base and home to a fishing fleet. The territory of Odesa is divided into four administrative raions (districts): In addition, every raion has its own administration, subordinate to the Odesa City council, and with limited responsibilities. The oblast's population (as at the start of 2021) was 2,368,107 people, nearly 43% of whom lived in the city of Odesa. Chornomorets play their home games at the Chornomorets Stadium, an elite-class stadium which has a maximum capacity of 34,164. In addition to all the state-run universities mentioned above, Odesa is also home to many private educational institutes and academies which offer highly specified courses in a range of different subjects. Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: , romanized:Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Ukrainian: ) is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Odesa was a contender for hosting Euro 2012 football matches in, but lost the competition to other cities in Ukraine. Mechnykov' National University, Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, tourism sector is of great importance to Odesa, List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine, List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ukraine, Trukhanov officially won the mayoral election in Odesa, Ukrainian local elections: City-by-city guide to this weekends runoff votes, "Ukraine's Odesa city put on UNESCO heritage in danger list", "The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century", "Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors", "ODESSA | Meaning & Definition for UK English", "United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names", "Open Letter of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine", "Guidance on the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) romanization systems", "Russia's invasion of Ukraine has sparked questions over why Ukrainian cities have historically been transliterated after their Russian versions", " ", " . Odesa became home to an extremely diverse population of Albanians, Armenians, Azeris, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Frenchmen, Germans (including Mennonites), Greeks, Italians, Jews, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Turks, Ukrainians, and traders representing many other nationalities (hence numerous "ethnic" names on the city's map, for example Frantsuzky (French) and Italiansky (Italian) Boulevards, Grecheskaya (Greek), Yevreyskaya (Jewish), Arnautskaya (Albanian) Streets). The Italian writer, Slavist and anti-fascist dissident Leone Ginzburg was born in Odesa into a Jewish family, and then went to Italy where he grew up and lived. Rail transport is an important sector of the economy in Odesa largely due to the role it plays in delivering goods and imports to and from the city's port. Despite this, the city grew rapidly by filling the void of those left with new migrants from rural Ukraine and industrial professionals invited from all over the Soviet Union. the second most-visited Ukrainian city. In 1819, Odesa became a free port, a status it retained until 1859. Richelieu is commemorated by a bronze statue, unveiled in 1828 to a design by Ivan Martos. Tavria-V is the biggest private company and the biggest tax payer. Seasonal sea temperatures range from an average of 6C (43F) from January to March, to 23C (73F) in August. Other sectors of the city's economy include the banking sector: the city hosts a branch of the National Bank of Ukraine. In the 9th century the eastern Slavs united into a state with Kyiv as its centre. In 1998, after many years of neglect, the city decided to raise funds for a replacement track and cars. Four were killed during the protests, and at least 32 trade unionists were killed after a trade union building was set on fire after Molotov cocktails exchange between sides. The community, however, was repeatedly subjected to anti-Semitism and anti-Jewish agitation from almost all Christian segments of the population. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August 1907. [91] Trukhanov was again reelected in the second round of the 2020 Mayoral election of Odesa when 54.28% of the voters voted for him.[1]. [4] In Kyiv, Utochkin was demonstrating his piloting skills in front of some 50,000 people, among which was a future creator of helicopters Igor Sikorsky. [120] In 2003 this sector recorded a total revenue of 189.2 million UAH. Grand Hyatt Gurgaon. As a result, despite the events of 1941, the survival of the Jewish population in this area was higher than in other areas of occupied eastern Europe.[52]. Some local historians consider that the settlement predates Odesa by about thirty years and assert that the locality was founded by Moldavians who came to build the fortress of Yeni Dunia for the Ottomans and eventually settled in the area in the late 1760s, right next to the settlement of Khadjibey, on what later became the Primorsky Boulevard. The city hardly ever faces the phenomenon of sea-freezing. [14] Odesa is located between the ancient Greek cities of Tyras and Olbia[15] and it was named as a feminine form for the ancient Greek city of Odessos (Ancient Greek: ; in Roman times, Odessus). Visit hotel website. [58][59] Polls conducted from September to December 2014 found no support for joining Russia. Among most famous startups is Looksery[121] and AI Factory both developed in Odesa and acquired by Snap inc.[122]. [82], According to the Seventh Annual Ukrainian Municipal Survey, 96% of the residents of Odesa spoke some Russian at home and 29% spoke some Ukrainian at home (overlap due to bilingually). In the 3rd4th centuries A.D. a tribal alliance, represented by the items of Chernyakhov culture, developed. Through most of the 19th century and until the mid 20th century, the largest ethnic group in Odesa was Russians, with the second largest ethnic group being Jews.[84]. Odesa's many sandy beaches are considered to be quite unique in Ukraine,[citation needed] as the country's southern coast (particularly in the Crimea) tends to be a location in which the formation of stoney and pebble beaches has proliferated. In the 1st millennium B.C. to the high level of service and the quality of services. The first line was 80 kilometres (50 miles) long and situated some 25 to 30 kilometres (16 to 19 miles) from the city. 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